Salt, Fat, Acid, Heat by Samin Nosrat does this. It begins by introducing the eponymous 4 elements at length then provides a decision tree to help you work through the recipes at the back according to the gaps in your experience.
It’s not specifically focused on Indian food but does contrast flavour profiles from different countries. For British Indian Restaurant Curry I’d recommend Dan Toombs “The Curry Guy”. It’s not written like a textbook but I’ve learned loads of tricks from it (e.g. base curry sauce/ freezing fried paneer for later, yoghurt marinades etc).